| Drawing on the unique position
that popular songs occupy in the cultural make-up of nations as
imagined communities, this essay explores the habanera in the context
of cultural hybridity characteristic not only for the “new”
nations of the Caribbean but for the heterogeneous “mother
country.” Having crossed the Atlantic, the habanera, a musical
by-product of transculturation that underlies the formation of Cuban
culture and nationhood, continues its trajectory in Spain as a nostalgic
evocation of “what was lost in Cuba,” and acquires new
linguistic and thematic shapes. During the last years of the Franco
dictatorship, habaneras traditionally performed in Spanish started
to address their audience in Catalan. New Catalán habaneras
invoke historic referents and assert values traditionally attributed
to the seafaring nation thus becoming not only an intrinsic part
of traditional festivities but a cultural sign comparable to the
sardana and other broadly acknowledged emblems of Catalan
cultural identity.
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